## General This is currently a design exercise to incorporate as much of the [Millenium Machines Milo V2](https://www.printables.com/model/1338894-millennium-milomiley-v2-ea-backer-pack) into a functional CNC lathe. ## Design TODO - ==Z Cross Slide needs to be much narrower in order for MiloY to be useful!== - 2040 and 2080 is easier to source than 2060... consider replacing! - Modulathe is ~58mm top of fixture plate to bottom of chuck thru-bore. - Lathey current design is ~71mm - Investigate similar Mini Lathes for tool post mounting heights, etc. - Investigate X/Z travel on similar sized lathe chucks - ~~Currently have ~150mm Z travel~~ - Add extra mounting screws / model holes for the 500mm rails - Add centering blocks back for Fixated-Lathe - Add center cylinder to protect spindle during epoxy granite pour - Re-adjust Z ballscrew length for handle - Flip around Z axis - Figure out tool post mounting --> Spindle Center Height - Figure out chuck positioning relative to the cross slide - Experiment with bearing mounting techniques - Bearing Flange - Spec M8 FHCS Metric Hex Head - 3D Print ## Tailstock Concept? Innocraftsman.com ![[Pasted image 20260211112943.png]] ## Design Goals - Leverage as much of Milo V2's Y-Axis Assembly ![[Pasted image 20260106123051.png]] - Consider Miley's X Access for Z axis / tool post Milo Y-Axis = LATHE X Milo X-Axis = LATHE Z - Leverage the amazing work of [@kachurovskiy's Modulathe V2](https://github.com/kachurovskiy/modulathe/blob/master/v2/README.md) [modulathe/v2/README.md at master · kachurovskiy/modulathe · GitHub](https://github.com/kachurovskiy/modulathe/blob/master/v2/README.md) ![[Pasted image 20260106134519.png]] - 4080C and other extrusions to form shell for filling with concrete/epoxy granite. - Minimize Molds - Full Metal Jacket type plate to connect head to base. - Motor Mount -- CNC Plate - ==JLCCNC for V1 plates?== - Starting at just $1, click here to get the $70 coupons for new users at JLCCNC: [https://jlccnc.com/?from=maxim](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa1hvXzlFUEk1YjZ4WlFzY0Q3NzBXMVZvQ2tsd3xBQ3Jtc0trWmlzZkUwQmpnYUFSb1RCZjFvc1JaaGxDZ0FjZFo2RFlLdmhiUlBkOVRNYzg2QTlmOVJnWVhCRmw3ZXhTNnZvU2RydzJDV1lzSUpxSUY2SkYyQU5fZWg2a3ZlZjJxcDZmblY0VWt1UnJycV94aV9EMA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fjlccnc.com%2F%3Ffrom%3Dmaxim&v=Vne_7rnhub0) Models and instructions to make this lathe: [https://github.com/kachurovskiy/modul...](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqazM3dVRLQlpFczhMUEk3T092U1p5MEZldVRVUXxBQ3Jtc0tuMTFzanRDd1FId1c4NlBtMHo1ODY2S1Q4SC0xQ2lVYTRZZGt3UGVqaEI3cG1PZHVqSWRHSWl5bHNjeEktclkxWnpnQ0I4SjQ5U0NHN0wzOHFwZ1Y5bzZsaE42b3ppUzlPRm9KaUFtT0NwNGpVU3N1Zw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fkachurovskiy%2Fmodulathe&v=Vne_7rnhub0) Lathe controller: [https://github.com/kachurovskiy/nanoels/](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbGdZenFsR1ktdU5Mbmo5Slk1VDd4bDFycHJ3QXxBQ3Jtc0trQVE3ak1CMV9OVngtUFhiU1FHcWIyT2MxUW1sR0hsSUtILU8zTW10Q1J6ODgwMGMxX2EzaFhkX2hDQkFNS2kwZVZnYm1MRVFBSzA3cjZHWThtaU9Rb1JvR2RUTzNVWmRhUjJ2SnExOFpsQ25lVnVXUQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fkachurovskiy%2Fnanoels%2F&v=Vne_7rnhub0) Lathecode tool for GCode generation: [https://github.com/kachurovskiy/lathe...](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa0N1Wl9nakpJaDl1TWQ1VmtoeFdqcWNjbTdzZ3xBQ3Jtc0trVE1VZlI3NVRJWEtpekliMG9rZ3lYUV9BRDNJNTN5UV9OTjZqUzZfdGQ2VHRlVWJDaDVKdXBYMlJKOTdrdGNsTE5MeUNReWt1UURjYmlFYm11NjJ3amJsdlZvY2F4UmxubWRLek1PVEJ0WHo5WlNNMA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fkachurovskiy%2Flathecode&v=Vne_7rnhub0) - Tool Post System? - Chinese Clone of Dorian or similar? - (FUTURE) Closed Loop Feedback for Milo/Scyla? - VFD + Optical Encoder? Modulathe V2 specs to consider: - Milo uses EpoxyGranite - [Epoxy Granite Process for Machine Tools - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEBbyuoDyR4) - - [tun.sika.com/dms/getdocument.get/a8b219c4-161c-44d6-b310-b7932fb5eb68/sikagrout-234.pdf](https://tun.sika.com/dms/getdocument.get/a8b219c4-161c-44d6-b310-b7932fb5eb68/sikagrout-234.pdf) - 125mm chuck, MT5 spindle with 38mm through hole - ==Consider 160mm (6") chuck?== - ==Front Load vs Back Load? Back load probably== - [SANOU Self Centering Lathe Chuck 3 Jaws claw Manual Metal Scroll Chuck for Drilling Milling Machine Back loading /Front loading - AliExpress](https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256809186680549.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.main.4.49a4hv4qhv4q8n&aem_p4p_detail=2026010612365848235159219680009897816&algo_pvid=232d7902-d154-4adf-9ac6-f134a2db5346&algo_exp_id=232d7902-d154-4adf-9ac6-f134a2db5346-3&pdp_ext_f=%7B%22order%22%3A%222%22%2C%22eval%22%3A%221%22%2C%22fromPage%22%3A%22search%22%7D&pdp_npi=6%40dis%21USD%21113.77%2181.92%21%21%21789.50%21568.44%21%402101e80317677318180568799e9928%2112000048901936875%21sea%21US%210%21ABX%211%210%21n_tag%3A-29910%3Bd%3A502a492e%3Bm03_new_user%3A-29895&curPageLogUid=nDctmSbcSoej&utparam-url=scene%3Asearch%7Cquery_from%3A%7Cx_object_id%3A1005009372995301%7C_p_origin_prod%3A&search_p4p_id=2026010612365848235159219680009897816_1) - ![[Pasted image 20260106153955.png]]![[Pasted image 20260106153848.png]] ## cnc_front_bearing_cartridge_v1 ![[Pasted image 20260107103624.png]] ## Miscellaneous Notes - Milo FMJ Plates are 6mm thick in the CAD. - SendCutSend has A36 Mild Steel in 4.8mm and 6.3mm (0.250") ## Electronics Parts Sourcing - ==Consider 48V Steppers for X and Z!== - 600 pulse optical rotary encoder - [DC 5V-24V 360P/R 600P/R Encoder Incremental Optical Rotary 600 Pulse /R 360 Pulses /R AB 2 Phase 6mm Shaft Encoder For Arduino](https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2255800956429188.html?gatewayAdapt=glo2usa4itemAdapt) - ==Do we need this if we're using a closed loop DC Servo Motor as the spindle drive?== - Need to get the position back to the Scylla for leadscrew syncing - Spindle Motor - ==VERY NO BRAKE -- we don't need brake!== - [A6 Series 1000W RS485 AC Servo Motor Kit 3000rpm 3.18Nm 17-Bit Absolute Encoder IP67 - A6-RS1000H2A1-M17 \| StepperOnline](https://www.omc-stepperonline.com/a6-series-1000w-rs485-ac-servo-motor-kit-3000rpm-3-18nm-17-bit-absolute-encoder-ip67-a6-rs1000h2a1-m17) - communciation: Pulse / RS485 / Analog - `The default encoder in this servo motor can be used as a **multi-turn** absolute encoder, but it requires a (link removed) encoder cable which has a battery box.` - Can use this $91 transformer to go from 120VAC to 220VAC [1200VA Single-phase Toroidal Transformer 120VAC to 220VAC 5.45A 50/60Hz - TR1200-A220-A120 \| StepperOnline](https://www.omc-stepperonline.com/1200va-single-phase-toroidal-transformer-120vac-to-220vac-5-45a-50-60hz-tr1200-a220-a120) - We can control over Analog output (from Spindle Drive on Scylla) OR probably through RS485 which Scylla also supports! - Use Speed Control mode (page 125 in drive manual) - Milo Universal Electronics Enclosure Sourcing Notes: - EMI Filter - [Delta 20DBAG5](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/delta-electronics/20DBAG5/1718581) - Single-stage filter - ~2mA leakage -- might cause GFCI nuisance tripping) - ~$18; spade terminal connection - [Delta 20DRGS5](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/delta-electronics/20DRGS5/2560387) - Two-stage filter (better filtering of both line-to-line and common-mode) - Only ~0.45mA leakage, so better at not nuisance tripping GFCI. - Ordered 2026-01-26 - Motor Contractor - [GMD-16M-10-DC24V](https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/altech-corporation/GMD-16M-10-DC24V/9459150?s=N4IgTCBcDaIOIFkAiBaAjANgSAugXyA) - Ordered 2026-01-26 - Circuit Breaker - McMaster-Carr# 7026K72 - C-Curve; 10A; 2-pole - Ordered 2026-01-26 ## Mechanical Parts Sourcing - 500-5M-25 (HTD 5M PowerGrip Timing Belt) - [MISUMI \| Configurable Components \| Distributor & Manufacturer - Buy Online](https://us.misumi-ec.com/vona2/detail/221004925027/?HissuCode=500-5M-25&utm_source=chatgpt.com&seriesCode=221004925027&tab=catalog&Page=1) - $57 - 1x 3210-B-2RSR-TNG NSK Bearing - [Deep groove ball bearing 3210-b-2rsr-tng-nsk 50x90x30.2 mm seal on bot](https://www.123bearing.com/bearing-housing/deep-groove-bearing/single-row/3210-b-2rsr-tng-nsk) - 2x MGN15 Linear Rail with 2 blocks - 500mm??? length (X axis) - [ZYLtech MGN15 Linear Rail with Type H Single or Double Block - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/zyltech-mgn15-linear-rail-with-type-h-single-or-double-block/) - $72 each / 500mm - ==Clean + lubricate myself!== - 2x MGNH15 Linear Rail with 2 blocks - ??? length (Z axis cross slide) - [ZYLtech MGN15 Linear Rail with Type H Single or Double Block - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/zyltech-mgn15-linear-rail-with-type-h-single-or-double-block/) $66 / 400mm - 4x Extra MGN15 Linear Rail Carriages for Tailstock - [Zyltech MGN15H Linear Rail Carriage Only - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/copy-of-zyltech-mgn12-linear-rail-carriage-only/) - $19 each - 4080C V-Groove Extrusion - [Aluminum Extrusion - 4080C V Groove - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/aluminum-extrusion/4080c-v-groove/) - $60 / 1000mm - $70 / 1200mm - 2080 T-Slot Extrusion (BLACK) - [ZYLtech 2080 T-slot Aluminum Extrusion Pre-cut lengths 1000mm-2000mm - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/zyltech-2080-t-slot-aluminum-extrusion-pre-cut-length-1000mm/) - $33.95 / 1000mm - 2040 T-Slot Extrusion (BLACK) - [2040 T Slot Aluminum Extrusion Pre-cut lengths 300mm-2000mm - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/2040-t-slot-aluminum-extrusion-pre-cut-lengths-300mm-2000mm/) - $18 / 1000mm - Ball Screws - [Linear Motion - Ball Screws - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/ball-screws/) - [12mm T12x2 Trapezoidal ACME Lead Screw w/ Brass Nut - Pre-cut lengths 300mm-2000mm - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/12mm-t12x2-trapezoidal-acme-lead-screw-w-brass-nut-pre-cut-lengths-300mm-2000mm/) - Trapezodial Lead Screws - M8 and M12 options - [Linear Motion - Metric Trapezoidal Lead Screws T8-T12 - ZYLtech Engineering, LLC](https://www.zyltech.com/linear-motion/metric-trapezoidal-lead-screws-t8-t12/?page=1) ## Modulathe Original BOM (for reference) [modulathe/v2 at master · kachurovskiy/modulathe · GitHub](https://github.com/kachurovskiy/modulathe/tree/master/v2) ### Spindle 242 EUR - [Sanou 125mm self-centering chuck](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007987289683.html) - 42 EUR - [MT5 spindle with 38mm hole, Type B](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004521050803.html) - 98 EUR - [Spindle nut, Pitch 1.5mm, R M45](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004257672565.html) - 12 EUR - [3209 B 2RSRTNG NSK](https://motionparts.de/en/products/3209-b-2rsrtng-nsk) - 41 EUR - [3210 B 2RSRTNG NSK](https://motionparts.de/en/products/3210-b-2rsrtng-nsk) - 49 EUR ### Z axis 192 EUR - [DFU1605 C5 ballscrew, 600mm](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005004126133993.html) - 85 EUR - [HGR20 600mm with 4x HGH20CA](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006571096820.html) - 80 EUR - [HM12-57 C5 motor mount](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007378312793.html) - 27 EUR ### X axis 122 EUR - [SFU1204 C5 ballscrew, 300mm](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001335646337.html) - 22 EUR - [HGR15 300mm with 4x HGW15CC](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006571096820.html) - 57 EUR - [HM10-57 C5 motor mount](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005005236581474.html) - 32 EUR - [BF10 ball screw tail mount](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32717973925.html) - 8 EUR - [Nut housing 24mm](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006822739785.html) - 3 EUR ### Tailstock 165 EUR - [MT2 tailstock 100mm, Type B](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007709575532.html) - 98 EUR - [4x HGH20CA](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005005705301031.html) - 47 EUR - [30mm T-track 40cm](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006225385865.html) - 14 EUR - [T-track 2pcs T Screw Handle](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006225385865.html) - 6 EUR ## Belt / Gearing Analysis ## **1. Servo + ratio choice** Assume the A6-RS1000H2A1-M17: - 1000 W - 3000 rpm rated - ≈3.18 N·m rated torque With a timing belt and about 90 % belt efficiency: - **2:1** (motor 3000 → spindle 1500 rpm): - ≈5.7 N·m at spindle, ≈0.9 kW - **3:1** (3000 → 1000 rpm): - ≈8.6 N·m at spindle, ≈0.9 kW - **4:1** (3000 → 750 rpm): - ≈11.5 N·m at spindle, ≈0.9 kW For 2” aluminum, you care more about torque than high rpm. A **3:1 single stage** is a very good starting point: - Top speed ≈1000 rpm at rated 3000 rpm motor - Plenty of torque for healthy aluminum cuts - You can later enable servo overspeed (e.g. 4500 rpm motor) to get ≈1500 rpm spindle if the drive allows it So I’d design around **3:1**. --- ## **2. Concrete pulley / belt selection** Use HTD-5M or GT3 5 mm pitch timing. For 1 kW, 25 mm belt width gives comfortable margin. ### **Motor pulley (servo side)** - **Type:** HTD-5M, 20-tooth, 25 mm belt width - **Bore:** match actual motor shaft (often 19 mm or 24 mm on 1 kW servos) - **Interface:** - Straight bore with keyway and two set screws, or - Taper-lock bushing style if you prefer You’ll confirm the motor shaft diameter and key size from the datasheet, then pick the bore/bushing accordingly. ### **Spindle pulley (lathe side, 45 mm shaft)** You want roughly 3× the teeth count of the motor pulley: - **Type:** HTD-5M, 60-tooth, 25 mm belt width - **Mounting:** use a **taper-lock bushing** with 45 mm bore - Example pattern: a 2517-45 or 3020-45 style bushing (check what’s available with your pulley supplier) - **Spindle interface:** - 45 mm shaft with keyway, e.g. 14 mm wide key (standard for Ø45) - Axial retention via shaft nut, clamp ring, or shoulder + bushing screws This keeps things standard: 20T on the motor, 60T on the spindle, ~3:1 ratio. ### **Belt** - **Profile:** HTD-5M - **Width:** 25 mm - **Length:** depends on your center distance Rough belt length estimate once you know motor-to-spindle center distance C: L \approx 2C + \frac{\pi}{2}(D_1 + D_2) + \frac{(D_2 - D_1)^2}{4C} Where D_1, D_2 are pitch diameters of 20T and 60T pulleys. In practice you’ll: 1. Pick a reasonable center distance (e.g. 150–200 mm). 2. Calculate nominal length and pick the nearest standard belt. 3. Add slots in your motor plate for tension adjustment. --- ## **3. How this behaves on your lathe** With the A6 1 kW + 3:1 setup: - **Nominal max spindle speed:** ~1000 rpm at 3000 rpm motor - **Spindle torque at max power:** ≈8.6 N·m - This is enough for “real” aluminum cuts on 2” stock on a small lathe; stiffness of the machine and tool will likely limit you before power. If later you want two ranges: - Keep the 20T motor pulley - Add a **second spindle pulley** on the same hub, e.g. 40T: - 20T/40T → 2:1 “high” (up to 1500 rpm) - 20T/60T → 3:1 “low” (up to 1000 rpm with more torque) You then just move the belt between steps. --- ## **4. Summary of what to buy / make** 1. **A6-series 1000 W AC servo kit** (220 V), RS485 or pulse mode. 2. **Motor pulley:** HTD-5M, 20T, 25 mm wide, bore to servo shaft, keyed. 3. **Spindle pulley:** HTD-5M, 60T, 25 mm wide, for taper-lock bushing with 45 mm bore (and matching key). 4. **Belt:** HTD-5M, 25 mm wide, length as dictated by your layout. 5. **Motor plate:** slotted for belt tension; stout enough not to flex under belt load. 6. **Guard:** sheet metal or printed cover over belt and pulleys.